Preheat oven to 450°F.
Slice both onions into thick wedges. Cut the red bell pepper into wide strips. Chop the sweet potatoes into roughly 1-inch chunks.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the chopped vegetables and drained black beans. Drizzle with olive oil and add cumin, chili powder, garlic powder, and salt. Use your hands to coat everything evenly.
Line two baking sheets with parchment paper. Spread the seasoned vegetables across both sheets in a single layer, making sure not to crowd them.
Roast for 20 minutes without opening the oven door.
After 20 minutes, rotate the pans (top rack to bottom, bottom to top) and roast for another 10 minutes, until vegetables are tender and edges are caramelized.
Remove from oven and squeeze fresh lime juice over the hot vegetables.
Warm tortillas using your preferred method: over a gas flame for char marks, wrapped in foil in the oven for the last 5 minutes, or in a dry skillet for 30 seconds per side.
Assemble tacos by filling warm tortillas with roasted vegetables, pico de gallo, sour cream, crumbled cheese, and fresh cilantro. Serve immediately.