Fill a large pot with water and salt generously. Bring to a rolling boil. Add rotini pasta and cook for 8-9 minutes until al dente. Drain in a colander and rinse under cold water to stop cooking. Shake well to remove excess water and let cool completely.
Heat a large skillet over medium heat. Add ground beef and break into small crumbles with a wooden spoon. Cook for 6-8 minutes, stirring occasionally, until no pink remains. Drain off grease. Return beef to skillet, sprinkle with 1/2 tsp garlic powder, and stir to combine. Let cool.
In a small bowl, whisk together mayonnaise, sweet pickle relish, yellow mustard, apple cider vinegar, paprika, garlic powder, and onion powder until completely smooth, about 30 seconds. Taste and adjust seasoning as desired.
In your largest serving bowl, combine cooled pasta, seasoned beef, diced cheddar cheese, halved cherry tomatoes, diced pickles, diced red onions, and shredded lettuce.
Pour dressing over the pasta mixture. Use a large spoon or salad tongs to gently toss, lifting from the bottom and folding over the top for about 1 minute, until everything is evenly coated.
Serve immediately or refrigerate for at least 1 hour to let flavors meld. Stir again before serving and adjust seasoning if needed.